Foreshadowing And Symbolism In Desirees Baby By Kate Chopin

In the short story called â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† written by Kate Chopin, the author used many different literary elements to describe and build up many characters. But two of the one that stands out the most was the foreshadowing and symbolism. These elements helped to build up Desiree Valmonde, one of the main character in the short story. First thing first is the foreshadowing, since it was the first thing most of the reader noticed. After the couple-Armand Aubigny and Desiree Valmonde- got married and got a house, â€Å"The roof came down steep and black like a cowl, reaching out beyond the wide galleries that encircled the yellow stuccoed house. Big, solemn oaks grew close to it, and their thick-leaved, far-reaching branches shadowed it like a†¦show more content†¦Furthermore in to the literary element, Chopin used symbolism to develop more on Desiree’s characteristic. The author was describing the way she dressed â€Å"Desiree had not changed the t hin white garment nor the slippers which she wore. Her hair was uncovered and the sun’s rays brought a golden gleam from its brown meshes.† (Chopin, 52) The way that Chopin is describing Desiree, it is like she is describing an angel, so pure and innocent. Everything Desiree wore was white, she was wearing a thin white dress that people usually go to sleep in. Angel always wear white. Another point was that it was sunset, which symbolized that things is about to end, this is just like her life. Earlier though, Chopin was mentioned about a stone pillar at the beginning of the story â€Å"when Monsieur in riding through the gateway of Valmonde had found her lying asleep in the shadow of the big stone pillar.† (Chopin, 48) The stone pillar represent a big marker on Desiree’s timeline. Armand drove by her and see her sleep and fell in love and got married was afterward. Before that time period, we don’t know who Desiree really is, we don’t know h er dad or what race until at the end of the story, we don’t know where she’s from or what is her origin. Chopin used this stone pillar as the starting point and then keep developing Desiree’s characteristic later on. The author used symbolism to develop Desiree’s characteristic. The authorShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis Of Armand Aubigny s Desiree s Baby 1538 Words   |  7 PagesArmand Aubigny’s Pride in â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† by Kate Chopin Through history, we have always yearned independence and equality as human beings. Undoubtedly, Kate Chopin is an extraordinary example She has landed a commendable place among American writers worthy of recognition. Born in St. Louis, Missouri in 1850, Kate was raised by strong women who taught her the value of an education. Her family gave her a revolutionary vision and a feminist personality, but it was her talented and passionate skillsRead More Symbolism in Desirees Baby by Kate Chopin Essay944 Words   |  4 PagesSymbolism in Desirees Baby by Kate Chopin Desirees Baby is Kate Chopins most well-known short story and most anthologized piece of work. The story takes place in southern Louisiana and her writing reflects her Creole-French descent. Chopin begins the story with a descriptive quote, when she reached LAbri she shuddered at the first sight of it, as she always did. It was a sad looking place...Big solemn oaks grew close to it and their thick leaved, far-reaching branches shadowed it likeRead MoreSymbolism In Desirees Baby, By Kate Chopin1120 Words   |  5 Pagesare included to guide an inference. In Kate Chopins â€Å"Desirees Baby† she explores the ideas of racism and the idea that women are under men and are the cause of all problems, she also includes symbolism to portray a deeper meaning which is present in her other works. Although it is not blatantly said in the story, it can be inferred that Desiree killed herself and her baby near the end of the story. There is a sense of uncertainty yet prominent foreshadowing that this was going to happen once DesireeRead MoreKate Chopin s The Locket And Desiree s Baby1575 Words   |  7 Pages Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Locket† and â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† are two stories where heart-rending news changed main characters lives. In the beginning of the both stories love between couples is described. Desiree is happy being wife and mother to newborn male baby while in the Locket Edmond is constantly thinking about his sweetheart Octavie. Both stories touch different sides of love, which appears fortunate in the Locket, but destructive in Desiree s Baby. In â€Å"Desiree’s Baby†, Armand begins distancingRead MoreAnalysis Of Kate Chopin s Desiree s Baby 987 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstanding of people are compromised.† Kate Chopin’s story, â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† is a story solely of racial identity, sexism, pride and love. Throughout, there’s symbolism to indicate unequal gender functions, as well as racial prejudice. Readers become mindful of the effects love and pride has over actions, as the story fore shadows numerously. Thoroughly, analytical evidence will focus on the irony of racial identity, symbolism of sexism, pride and love. Desiree’s Baby is a short story centered directlyRead MoreEssay about Desirees Baby2009 Words   |  9 Pagesthe sex and color of a person. Kate Chopin exemplifies these roles very accurately within her story, Desiree’s Baby. In the short fiction story, Desiree’s Baby, the author Kate Chopin incorporates many motifs, symbols, and imagery to describe gender assumptions and racial roles for both men and women in the 1800s by narrating the story of an adopted mother named Desiree, with no known lineage, and her prideful husband Armand. The most notable literary devices Chopin incorporates to convey her messageRead More Analyses of Short Stories Essay examples4756 Words   |  20 Pageswith terrifying evil. I think that Goodman Brown and his wife, Faith’s names symbolize that they are good, religious people and that Goodman is making up everyone being evil in his head. I found an essay by Alexa Carlson that described the symbolism in light vs. dark, forest vs. town, nature vs. human, and fantasy vs. reality. In her paper, Essay #1: Young Goodman Brown, she states that â€Å"†¦fantasy vs. reality are employed to reinforce the idea that good and evil have been set up as strict categories

The Field Of Legal Theory Is Continually Being Refined

The field of legal theory is continually being refined through further thought, and through the process of greater collective experience. The majority of modern legal works find their roots in the Enlightenment period. The modern legal theory has developed into two main schools that deal with how the law is and does not address what the law should be; those two fields are legal positivism and legal realism. Of the two primary schools of thought, legal positivism is the more common, and it defines the law as it â€Å"is found in the actual practices or institutions of society. Two of the most notable authors of legal positivism are H.L.A. Hart and Hans Kelsen both were heavily influenced by ideas of the Enlightenment, however each had a†¦show more content†¦Even custom is not law unless it is recognized and enforced by a competent human authority.† These themes were prevalent in Hobbes’s Leviathan and influenced the entirety of positivism, most notably Hume and Kant. The influence of David Hume and Immanuel Kant is clearly evident in the writings of H.L.A. Hart and Hans Kelsen. The primary ideas of Hume that influenced Hart were that the world as it is can only be perceived and that facts and values came from different sources. Hume felt that facts were observable occurrences in the physical world and values were derived from the community. One of the most important ideas that Hume developed through the premise that the world is only perceived is that there is no cause and effect as it is only a chain of facts linked by necessity. The most significant ideas that Kant developed were the concept of synthetic a priori knowledge and that the human conscience establishes what the mind knows. These two separate ideas go well together being that Kant is developing the existence of empirical knowledge that is known before any experience, which goes handily with the conscience determining what the mind knows. The ideas of Hume and Kant will prove a sound foundation for Kelsen and Hart to build on. The work of H.L.A. Hart was most influenced by the work of David Hume. Hart defines the law as the voluntary observance of the commands of the sovereign. RatnapalaShow MoreRelated12 Years A Slave : An Accurate And Verifiable Account Of The Common Slave Experience Essay1633 Words   |  7 Pages He was subjected to the cruelty for the next twelve years while he survived as the human property of several different slave masters, He continually struggled to survive and maintain some of his dignity. Then in the 12th year of the disheartening ordeal, a chance meeting with an abolitionist from Canada he was was finally freed and is taken home. After being unsuccessful in prosecuting his kidnappers, Northup continues upriver to New York, where he is finally reunited with his family and where heRead MoreUsefulness of Classical Management Theory in a Modern Organisation3670 Words   |  15 PagesDEFINITION Classical Management Theory propounds that a manager’s foremost preoccupation is how to increase an organisation’s efficiency in order to increase productivity. Scholars of management from as early as the 19th century touted the need for managers to find that formula, that modus operandi, that would deliver positive results, on a sustainable basis, in the most efficient manner. In the process they sought to define the role(s) of a manager and although these have been altered by influencesRead MorePublic Health Informatics And Its Results Essay5975 Words   |  24 PagesAbstract The report highlights the development of public health informatics and its results. The field is not new, but there are novel ways that computer and information technologies are finding their way in the provision of public care. Most agencies tasked with this role of providing public care are continually utilizing electronics to make it give rise to desirable outcomes. This trend is not new, but its success if restricted by factors such as necessary legislation and integration of systemsRead MoreAcct 3563 Summary7419 Words   |  30 PagesACCT3563 Issues in Financial Reporting Analysis Semester 1 – 2010 Version 0.5.0 1st April 2010 Contents Page 3 Page 7 Page 12 Page 17 Page 20 Positive Accounting Theory Ethics in Accounting Accounting for Physical Assets Intangible Assets Accounting for Assets in Mining Agricultural Industries ounting Accounting for Provisions Copyright  © Ka Hei Yeh 2010 Fifth Revision published April 2010 2010. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Attribution-Non-CommercialNoRead MoreCommunication Research9167 Words   |  37 Pagesconduct communication research as a student, use or conduct communication research as a professional, and use the results of communication research in your personal life. 2. Explain the goals of research. 3. Explain the relationship of research and theory. 4. Explain communication research as a social science. 5. Describe how communication research from a social science perspective is different from other forms of communication research and other forms of social science research. 6. Differentiate amongRead MoreSAT Top 30 Essay Evidence18536 Words   |  75 Pages................ 53 Traveling Abroad ...................................................................................................................................... 55 Scientists and Mathematicians: Charles Darwin (and his revolutionary Theory of Natural Selection) ...................................................... 57 Jane Goodall (She lived with wild chimpanzees!) .................................................................................... 59 Marie Curie (Famous female scientist)Read MoreImproving Profitability By Applying Sustainable Strategies9898 Words   |  40 Pagesidea of environmentally friendly in the hospitality industry, but nowadays is becoming a norm. Everything is happening with the help of the owners, government organizations, better technologies and training the staff. In the end everyone realize that being friendly with the environment might be time and cost consuming, but this can bring long term revenue. â€Æ' Acknowledgements I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teachers Mr. Dustin McEldowney and Mr. Sebastien Francon who gaveRead MoreInstructional Design: Capstone project7252 Words   |  30 Pagesstrategies for implementation need to be examined. For instance, the D-P-A (Design, Plan, Act) was a system strategy advocated by Lever-Duffy and McDonald (2011) to insure that no element of the design process was omitted. Also, Rieber’s (1996) flow theory, which intended to support the concepts in gaming as options for instruction, delineated the comparative concepts between the intense concentration and focus needed to interpret and respond in a given scenario and the same type of performance in anRead MoreRole of Intelligence in India’s Security5420 Words   |  22 Pagestherefore, with loud thinking and tentative conclusions at this time. Nevertheless, I will venture to highlight some aspects of the issues involved that might be of interest to the knowledgeable gather ing present here. These do not reflect the views being finalized in the Task Force. To take up the security challenges we might face in the next decade and beyond, it might be appropriate to dwell on what our National Security Doctrine ought to be. A country’s national security is conceived in termsRead MoreEssay on Wireless Electricity14464 Words   |  58 PagesWireless Electricity Devry University Tech, Society, and Culture Professor February 24, 2013 Table of Contents I. Wireless Electricity: Explanation and History 3 II. Political and Legal Influences 10 III. Economic Questions and Considerations 16 IV. Wireless Technology with Today’s Culture 20 V. Ethical Implications of Wireless Power 26 VI. Environmental Impact 30 VII. Bibliography

ABC Costing Technique Embraces the Contributory Relations of Cost

Question: Discuss about the ABC Embraces the Contributory Relations of Cost Drivers. Answer: Introduction Activity-based costing (ABC) is a costing technique used to measure the expenditure and routine of activities, assets, and cost items. Particularly, resources are allocated to tasks; then the tasks are allocated to cost canters by their use. ABC embraces the contributory relations of cost drivers to tasks. Subsequently, ABM (Activity-based management) is a method that concentrates in managing tasks routinely with the aim to improve the significance that consumers realize and yields from the provision of this value. ABM embraces the examination of cost drivers, task inspection, and measuring of performance; this technique draws on ABC as its main data source. By the use of ABC data, ABM concentrates on redirecting and improving the application of resources to add the worth produced for consumers even other interested parties. In the current competitive world, entities need a dependable cost method and appropriate cost information to endure. By the use of an ABC, technique administrators will acquire perfect information on the actual cost of manufacturing products, the cost of services offered, the cost incurred in processes, activity costs, the cost of distribution channels, cost of maintaining consumer segments, contract costs, and the cost of projects. These rely upon o the examination of system costs the design of ABC and its implementation and the continuous improvement of the system. ABM installation is aimed at improving efficiency, reducing expenditure and asset employment. The system can enhance the competence of organization's resources by decreasing machine downtime, elimination of defective activities absolutely, processes and enhance the effectiveness of the company's resources. Gains from established ABM are determined by a decrease in costs, increase in revenues in the course of better resource employment and cost evasion. Literature Review Particular applications of ABM in companies today incorporate attribute analysis, making strategic decisions, benchmarking, analysis of operations, productivity/price analysis, and process enhancement. ABC/ABM systems apply numerous attributes for a particular cost. The attribute allows an entity to conduct examination on diverse dimensions of an administrative problem applying the similar essential storage of data. According to (Bjornenak Falconer, 2002: 504),the move from ABC to assess the profitability of products to ABM for management control and to support decision making has been enhanced by the increased application of ABC/M in diverse types of industry, to dissimilar functions in an organization and ABC/M complementarities to latest high-profile accountancy and managerial models. ABC and ABM techniques offer a basis and the understanding for drawing better decisions relating to prices, executive, and enhancement of goods produced and services. They applied to enhance determination cost dynamics structures used in business activities. The two techniques have principles to enable managers to comprehend the product and customer productivity and business process costs, and how to develop them. ABC/ABM applications are very efficient tools for enhancing better company performance in several areas. A company can recognize the influence the two techniques i.e. ABC and ABM if correct persons access correct information for the purpose of improving performance. In the research carried out by (Jarvenpaa, 2007; AkaranyYazdifar, 2007; Askarany et al., 2007) they indicated that ABC/ABM are crucial innovations that are mostly associated with the thinking that data provided could be extremely perfect and comprehensive than the one given by conventional costing techniques. Furthermore, these methods have achieved in enhancing decision-making and intriguing control in a better way to improve the industry administration According to the study conducted by (Bescos et al., 2002; Cohen et al., 2005) it indicates that ABC/ABM techniques are motivated by the urge of increasing consumer profitability, so as to gain correct and significant cost data for price determination or budgeting, to update cost systems, develop expenditure control and advance company processes, to achieve the current administrative requirements, to develop product effectiveness. Though the performance process has also limitations and has setbacks including resistance to change in companies; lack of proof in costs of achievement and implementation risks; nonexistence of technical knowledge required to successfully implement the techniques; the unwillingness of staff or management; lack of assurance about top management support; complexity in identification and selection of tasks; challenges when gathering information on these systems. Apart from organizations that have adopted ABC, some entities consider ABC a prospect. The study conducted by (Bescos et al., 2002; Cohen et al., 2005, Askarany Yazdifar, 2007) found out that the key reasons for opposing the implementation of these techniques could include, contentment in the currently established cost systems, failure by management support the embraced systems and lack of attention, implementing the systems is also coupled by elevated expenditure, a lot of time and extra resources are consumed. Analysis ABC system has attracted the concern from the academic and professionals from after coming up at the end of 1980's as indicated by, Bjornenak Falconer, 2002. Towards the end of 1990's and the beginning of 2000's Bjornenak and Falconer did a study about the growth of ABC/M journal in the period of 1987 and 2000. They started their study in the year 1987, being the same year that the first journal was published on ABC/M was seen. The publication created the foundation of their as they analyzed accounting literature only on ABC/M both in functional and academic study journals. ABC and ABM have been used largely in the service sector and in the production sector. The general aim of these two techniques in service companies is identical as in production companies. Managers require very accurate information relating to goods or services costs. The basic method of activity identification, activity expenditure categories and cost centers are also applicable in service sector as well as in manufacturing. ABM consists of both cost and process elements. The cost element puts forward cost information relating to resources, objects and cost elements of concern. The rationale of element is putting in place the precision of product costing, services costs and other cost elements. While, the intention of process element is presenting information relating to activities done in the organization, the reasons these activities are done and how better they are carried out. The discouraging truth about Activity Based Costing is that the implementation success is below the exp ected rate because there is a lot of failure due to poor motivation in the progress of implementation. This is as a result of poor planning and lack of initiation from the involved department. On the other hand over usage of ABC information compromises the credibility of the system While analyzing the empirical literature, we still have interested parties in ABC in the last few years supported by the publications. This sequence of publishing is coupled greatly by studies of accounting field Furthermore, from particularly consultancy firms. Research by these professionals embrace the idea that ABC encourages rationality, competence, and eventual productivity as per the study of (CarwinBouwman, 2002; JonesDugdale, 2002; Cohen et al., 2005; HooperMajor, 2007); some researchers indicated that ABC embraces value attracting effects the decisions on prices and revenue performance, ABC system enhances better pricing of goods, consumers, and markets; ABC eliminates less significant competitor pricing while in the decision making process as indicated by the study conducted by (Lere, 2000; Maiga Jacobs, 2003; Cardinaels et al, 2004) while some researchers considered that ABC technique permitted consumer satisfaction, consumer and company productivity examination as indica ted by the research done by (Helgesen, 2007, KuchtaTroska, 2007 and Namazi 2009). In addition to the positive and promotional information, some of the authors aren't convinced on the effectiveness of ABC cost scheme. This was concluded by the studies carried out by (DoschWilson, 2007; DeWayneRoberts, 2007; Stratton et al., 2009). As much as the benefits of ABC and ABM modern systems are evident, the successful application remains the constraint to achieving the benefits resulting from these management techniques. This happens partly because of debates raised that managerial accounting doesn't have qualities of its own and it's just a tool, and not an important element in the decision-making process, this concurs with the study conducted by (Loft, 1995; Granlund Lukka, 1998). Sector issues, such as those of globalized market competitions and variable macro-economic environment are rescuers of internal data accounting, as businesses aim at finding any benefits, however insignificant they are. Until when management accounting worth is categorically established, the value of the two techniques may not be realized. The core challenges organizations encounter in the process of implementing ABC differs the study of Brierley et al (2008) established that, other than Activity Based Cost adopters and those supporting implementation of the technique, some entities embraced ABC and consequently neglected it; studied ABC then discarded it; discarded ABC and in no way investigated the potential application; by no means thought of using ABC and lastly discarded ABC but put in place a system of conducting activity analysis. This is because management considers existing management accounting techniques to be functioning efficiently, expanding businesses are not geared up for ABC, as they consider the system taking a lot of time and resources to implement, individuals that don't work in the accounting department would not comprehend the system and making it impossible to recognize the benefits of the system. The study of (AlMaryani, M.A.H., and Sadik, H.H., 2012) concluded that the fact that entities, in general, make few resolutions devoid of examining costs objectively, perfect information on the costs is vital to the achievement of the majority of entities. The product types sold and wherever they are sold, and the manner in which the products are created and produced are distinctive undertakings that involve the examination of expenses. Applying inaccurate cost information, conversely, the decisions made by organizations will be wrong decisions and can hamper the performance and competitiveness. Regrettably, conventional cost techniques that allocate operational and variable costs of activities by direct expenditure including materials and labor costs can yield wrong information. Conventional cost systems apportion overhead expenditure of indirect tasks based on convention, instead of how expenses are in reality generated and this becomes the major problem. As a consequence, the expe nses of goods and services do not symbolize the demands by the product or service on the company funds. On the centrally, ABC technique provides additional perfect cost information as a result of assigning costs to objects that create the expenses and subsequently apportioning costs starting with the activities then products or services. In contrast with conventional cost methods, ABC concludes that activities lead to expenditure, unlike goods or services, subsequently goods and services simply create demand for these activities. By understanding the cost of activities, entities can recognize activities with utmost potential for reducing cost in the organization. ABC gives a more significant information encouraging entities to improve in areas including getting rid of wastage from marginal activities that are unproductive or unnecessary. Familiarizing workers at every management level as regards the philosophy and technicalities of ABC system could prove a complex undertaking. Staff ought to appreciate systematically the objectives the company wants to accomplish in the course of implementing ABC including how to apply the technique in their tasks. They should be sure that ABC can be successful and it is worth the efforts exercised. To succeed over workers, each corporation requires a perfectly crafted plan including the organization culture and operating requirements. Several operational systems are supposed to be revamped to make sure that workers fully integrate ABC technique to work activities that they don't draw back to their previous practices during stress periods. The traditional accounting systems must be removed as fast as possible. Benchmarking and motivation systems need to be included in the ABC statistics. Decision-making process on the tactical level as well as the managers concerned with decision making and the procedure of establishing them time and again must be considerably changed as well. The key rationale for dismal efforts why the techniques have not succeeded is due to failure of managers in taking the implementation steps. Practically, the steps are complex to take. The challenge biggest challenge in implementing ABC lies in integrating the system into the company's financial structure and to the quality and measurement sections. Several organizations have struggled to employ ABC as a derivative system. However, ABC cannot be established if statistics have not been incorporated into the company's typical financial reporting structure. Once ABC figures are not updated, they can't be merged books of account or will not be circulated broadly since; managers regularly withdraw and go to their conventional figures. Due to this Most organizations come up with separate ABC systems, which are implemented on separate computers. The ABC models that are separate can't be incorporated into authorized financial statements because they are intricate to sustain and typically consider the accepted accounting principles. This implies the information cannot be applied to external financial reporting. Consequently, the reports rapidly will become outdated. Conclusion The focal point of ABC implementation is on correct information about the true product costs, cost of services, processes costs, the cost of organizational activities, distribution channel costs, the cost of maintaining consumer segments, contract costs, and project costs. The study of (Patiar, A., 2016) also indicated that ABM makes this cost and operating information valuable by enhancing value breakdown, cost drivers, and performance measurement to instigate, drive or maintain expansion efforts and in improving decision-making process. While the system is used in a single examination of products' overheads, ABC can create a huge difference. But once a corporation has incorporated ABC to its conventional financial systems, then Activity Based Costing information becomes the performance measure, then the system considerably changes in the manner a company's employees assume. Hence, the standard value of decisions implemented regularly will be immensely higher compared to previously implemented decisions. If it happens in this manner, you are sure the company's performance will become better. Putting in place an activity based costing system can be costly and consume a lot of time. At the same time reports of this system contains information that varies from the conventional systems. It is possible too that the information from some of these systems may not be applicable in decision making processes in the organization. Such situations include; inability of ABC to conform to standards of accounting means the data from ABC cannot be applied for external reporting. This is due to the difficulty in interpreting the ABC figures. Because the process of harmonizing the figures is difficult, the company can use a software to harmonize these figures and in integration of ABC to the system of the company. ABC/M systems improve business processes through apportionment of costs on the basis of product cost drivers or the element leading to the cost of the product. This creates a lead on which products are profitable than the rest, such that the nonperforming products can be improved. It can also be applicable in determining the products that are not valuable and optimal allocation of resources to the effective and most profitable centers. ABC can also be used in in value addition to the continuous advancement of business processes. The activity based costing system accounts for expenses in the same manner that production is done allowing businesses to better comprehend where overheads are allocated to. ABC data can examine and discover wasteful products and expenses that are not necessary such that resources can be used optimally. The system can also be used to in price harmonization of the products therefore improving the quality of the products and services generally as the details of the system are improved in general. This is due to the fact that ABC is fundamentally used to improve the available chances and determine the accrued profits of productivity initiatives and enhances accountability in the allocation of resources in the organization. Companies that have implemented ABC techniques are willing to do away with traditional systems due to the successful rollout and inspiration of the end users to make use of the ABC/M systems and information in their decision making process and cost analysis. Therefore most companies require a calculated approach I order to encourage acceptance by the users. In the event that companies take step by step approaches, to understand and measure their productivity, they will discover that they create enough revenue from a few significant customer base. Therefore, it is important for firms to focus on departmental costs and improve the workers motivation such that they increase their efforts. References AlMaryani, M.A.H. and Sadik, H.H., 2012. Strategic management accounting techniques in Romanian Companies: some survey evidence. Procedia Economics and Finance, 3, pp.387-396 Brierley G, Fryirs, K. Cullum, C, Tadaki, M., Huang, H. and Blue, B., 2013. Reading the Landscape: Integrating the theory and practice of geomorphology to develop place-based understandings of river systems. Progress in Physical Geography, 37(5), pp.601-621 Brierley, J.A., Cowan, Ch. and Drury C., "Investigating activity-based costing in manufacturing industry," Cyprus International Journal of Management, 13 (1), 2008, 21-33; Golyagina, A., and Valuckas. D 2012. Reviewing literature on rolling forecasts, benchmarking and customer profitability: a management accounting perspective (Master's thesis) Klaassen, C.D., and Amdur, M.O. eds., 1996. Casarett and Doull's toxicology: the basic science of poisons (Vol. 5). New York: McGraw-Hill Loureno, A.G., 2013. Analyzing Cost and Profitability using Process-based ABC Namazi, M., 2016. Time-driven activity-based costing: Theory, applications, and limitations. Iranian Journal of Management Studies, 9(3), p.457 Oll, C. and Borrego, ., 2010. A qualitative study of the impact of electronic journals on scholarly information behavior. Library Information Science Research, 32(3), pp.221-228 Patio, A., 2016. Costs allocation practices: Evidence of hotels in Australia. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 26, pp.1-8 Santana, A., Afonso, P. and ROCHA, A., 2014. Activity Based Costing and Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing: Towards an Integrated Approach. In ICOPEV-2nd International Conference on Project Evaluation, Guimares/PT Siguenza-Guzman, L., Van den Abbeele, A., Vandewalle, J., Verhaaren, H. and Cattrysse, D., 2013. Recent evolutions in costing systems: A literature review of Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing. Review of Business and Economic Literature, 58(1), pp.34-64 Taba, M.L., 2015. Cost accounting practices in African traditional healing: a case study of Makhuduthamaga Traditional Healers (Doctoral dissertation, University of Limpopo) Taba, M.L., 2015. Cost accounting practices, in African traditional healing: a case study of Makhuduthamaga Traditional Healers (Doctoral dissertation, University of Limpopo) Yazdifar, H. and Askarany, D., 2012. A comparative study of the adoption and implementation of target costing in the UK, Australia, and New Zealand. International Journal of Production Economics, 135(1), pp.382-392

Service and Relationship Marketing Strategy-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Service and Relationship Marketing Strategy of Grace Hotel. Answer: Introduction The purpose of this report is to prepare a flowchart for the operational activities in front stage and backstage of The Grace Hotel Sydney. It is important for all hotel service industry to have an organised flow of operations for both the front and back stage. This will help to ensure that the overall operational activities of the hotel are maintained properly and the customers are able to get the best quality of service. The report will also highlight upon significance of each stage activities within the operation of front stage and backstage of the hotel. The managerial implications of the each stage will also be highlighted. Explanation of service It is important for the grace hotel to properly manage all the operational activities within the front stage and backstage of the hotel activities. From the flowchart that is provided in the above section it is clear that all the operational activities in the front stage can be divided into 4 categories. Initially, is the stage of pre-arrival that can help to deal with all the activities of the guest that before their arrival at the hotel (Hahn et al. 2017). Guest will make enquiry about the service available and then make the reservation. After reaching the destination in Sydney airport or railway station, the hotel has arranged for the pickup service. This will ensure that the guests are able to arrive at the hotel without any trouble. After the guests arrive in the hotel, it is the duty of the hotel service personals to carry all heavy luggages for the guests. This can help to properly enter the hotel lounge and complete the next step that is registration. All the detail information of the guests is provided within the registration form. This will help the hotel management to keep a detail record of individual guest information that can be used in future for reference. After that, rooms are being allocated to the guests according to their reservation made. There are different types of rooms available within the hotel and the guest will have the option of making their choice of room according to availability. After the room allocation, keys and welcome kit are being handed to the guests and allow them to settle. During the time of stay in the hotel, the guests can avail the service of Hotel transportation that can help them to visit all the places of tourist attractions in and around of Sydney. The guests can also avail various room and guest services that may include ordering food, laundry service and also make sure of that they do not face any trouble during the time of stay (FitzPatrick et al. 2013). Finally, is the stage for the departure process. The guests have to fill up a survey form where, they provide opinion about the quality of service they received within the hotel. All payments that are due are cleared. The hotel also offers currency exchange service, which is helpful for all the guests arriving from the foreign Nations. The service persons of the hotel will carry out the luggage for the guests. The drop of service is offered, which allows the guest to reach their destination of Sydney airport or railway station. The operational activities of back office are also an important part of the overall functioning of the hotel (Mok et al. 2013). This helps to ensure that all the front stage activities within the hotel can be carried forward and the guests can get experience of the best quality service. The primary function of the backstage office is to identify the target group of customers for the hotel by using various marketing tools. After that the marketing plan for communicating with the customers are prepared. This is an important part of the promotional activities of hotel. It is also important to properly design the website of the hotel, which will allow the customers to get detailed information and also pictures of the hotel and the quality of room that is available. The website with the feature of online reservation system will help the guests to make sure of their room allocation after the time of their arrival. After the guests arrive and they provide the detailed information it is important for them to record that information in the database of the hotel that can be used in the future for further references and also make contact with the guest in future. The choices of each individual guess also need to be noted down that can help them to provide better service quality in future. Finally it is the duty of the backstage office to collect information from the survey as the guest departs from the hotel. With the help of the opinions and suggestions that are provided by the hotel, it is possible for The Grace hotel to provide better quality of service by improving upon their existing service quality. Managerial Implications At each step of the activities of backstage and front stage of the hotel, it is the duty of individual manager at their respective department to ensure not all the operational activities are carried out properly. For example at the backstage it is the duty of the marketing manager, to make proper marketing plan in order to communicate with the customers. It is the duty of the customer care manager to ensure that all the detail information is provided within the website of the hotel. It is also their duty to ensure that all the Services within the hotel are provided to the guest in order to ensure their convenience during the time of visit. Overall it is the duty of the operational manager to ensure that all the activities of front stage and backstage of the hotel are carried out properly in order to provide the best service quality to the customers (Xie et al. 2014). Conclusion Smooth operation of the activities of backstage and front page of the Grace Hotel in Sydney will help to increase the popularity of the organisation and also raise the reputation by providing the best quality service. References FitzPatrick, M., Davey, J., Muller, L. and Davey, H., 2013. Value-creating assets in tourism management: Applying marketing's service-dominant logic in the hotel industry. Tourism Management, 36, pp.86-98. Hahn, S.E., Sparks, B., Wilkins, H. and Jin, X., 2017. E-service Quality Management of a Hotel Website: A Scale and Implications for Management. Journal of Hospitality Marketing Management, (just-accepted). Mok, C., Sparks, B. and Kadampully, J., 2013. Service quality management in hospitality, tourism, and leisure. Routledge. Xie, K.L., Zhang, Z. and Zhang, Z., 2014. The business value of online consumer reviews and management response to hotel performance. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 43, pp.1-12.

Steppenwolf Review Essay Example

Steppenwolf Review Paper Essay on Steppenwolf If you are interested in what happened to Harry Haller after the novel Steppenwolf events, then you have to read the story The Steppenwolf. Written in 1927 (in the year of publication of the novel), he talks about the future, but not the last adventures of the protagonist lost his way between the world of humans and wolves. So, in the near future we can expect from the most authoritative government department definitive answer the question of who is in the end is a Steppenwolf -. animal or a human it seems that this story is not so much the desire not to leave Hesse beloved hero, as a response to the readers perception and criticism of the work. This is indicated and year of writing the story, audible tone of dialogue. And the name of the story is twofold. Each of us, as stated in the most part highly educated supporters of this point of view, each of us is in fact secretly and quietly carries in his chest sort of Steppenwolf. [] each of us, so did these liberal-minded people, at heart quite familiar feelings, instincts and suffering Steppenwolf, each of us has to deal with them and all of us in fact is also just such a poor, howling, hungry Steppenwolf . So they said, when, dressed in w lkovye shirts on about the Steppenwolf, and many social critics also say so, and then they are hoisting themselves on their heads luxurious felt hats, wore their luxurious fur coat, sat down in their luxury cars and slithered back to their jobs, to their offices and . editors, in their receiving and factories one evening of whiskey one of them even offered to organize society Steppenwolf We will write a custom essay sample on Steppenwolf Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Steppenwolf Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Steppenwolf Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer on another occasion, Hesse openly laughs at those who are exposed. Steppenwolf - the book nihilistic , nasmehayusch ysya of social and cultural institutions. Steppenwolf in all respects is questionable, dangerous and unhealthy phenomenon that he had only mocks decent citizens, disrupts the knightly image from the walls of educational temples, mocking, even at himself Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, and since this creature Steppenwolf nothing is sacred, and on some of the young people it works is contagious and exciting, you should eventually get together and end this Steppe volchischey; until pribesh it and bury it in the ground, not from him no rest . Coming and swat it is possible, but my teeth wolf their already shown, and even bitten by very many people. The floor rumbled and Goethe [is said to bust], like Goethe some philologists, split into three parts. Each of these three parts of the wolf cursory sniff, then calmly turned his back . Well, that to Harry? Harry, playing the, all the places rastavlyaet chess game, prefers not to make a choice between wolves world and the world of men. Harry caught in the guise of a wolf and ka albeit not very usual, but a predator put in a cage. it is expected a full house visits, but the wolf melancholy looks at idle crowd, finding in it, yet amusing representatives, each of which, in part, too, Harry Haller, Steppenwolf. and the warlike boy, and she ekzalti ovannaya lady, in love with the brutal nature of the animal, and stupidity seeing nothing beyond invented the image, and gentle little girl. Steppenwolf listened peacefully licked his fangs. The boy liked him. Hopefully, he thought, -. That when we suddenly meet with you on the same road, you have in your hands the gun Let us also hope that I will meet you in the open steppe, and not go out, say, unexpectedly I meet you in your own mirror. The boy was it nice. Hell make a dashing fellow, efficient and successful engineer or manufacturer, or an officer, and Harry would not mind occasionally face off with him forces and, if necessary, even to get under his bullet . A wonderful story. If you missed wolf, read more Besides, he did a short Read the story of Hermann Hesse:.. About Steppenwolf

Lifelong Learning Is no Longer Required for Career Success

Lifelong Learning Is no Longer Required for Career Success Read why lifelong learning is not considered to be important in career development like before. People associate learning with formal education. People are taught the essence of a getting the highest form of education. Formal education is considered an important factor in determining how successful a person will be. In the society, people accord more respect to the person who has formal education since they consider them to have higher chances of being successful in life. When applying for jobs, employers first look at academic qualifications to determine the academic position of the applicant. However, as much as lifelong learning is considered important, there are other factors that contribute to career success. Creativity Does Not Depend on Academic Qualifications Lifelong learning is not considered to be important in career development like before. Employers are not considering credentials to be essential when hiring employees. Additional skills are being looked at, and those who are more rounded are considered to have higher chances of being successful in their careers. Combining Academic Knowledge and Practicality If a person has a creative mind, they might get successful by using their skills. Artists, do not rely on their education but become successful mainly because of their skills. Creativity does not depend on academic qualifications but on how far a person is willing to go with the mind. In entrepreneurship, lifelong learning is not in the top things that make them successful. The top contributing factors to business success are: Being visionary and seeing the bigger picture. Doing things at a fast pace and not wasting time doing irrelevant research. Being determined despite the challenges that come in the way. Pay Attention to the Details that Contribute to the Bigger Picture People who are busy learning all the time tend to miss opportunities that present themselves. Opportunities are available to those who seek them, and lifelong learning prevents people from recognizing these opportunities, and they miss out on the chance to build their career. People who are critical thinkers will take advantage of these opportunities as they present themselves. They will become more successful since they do not rely on constant learning and pay attention to the details that contribute to the bigger picture. Those who do not rely on lifelong learning have certain characteristics. They are creative thinkers and are always coming up with new ideas. They are innovative. They are open minded and work well with others. They focus on the things that interest them and play to their strengths. They are quick to adjust to any changes. Practical and Industrial Experience Those who support lifelong learning claim that it provides people with more opportunities to excel in their careers. Life-long learning provides people with education and literacy that is necessary for career development. Some careers require high education levels to excel in them. Life-long learning is not only formal education but also includes practical and industrial experience in the relevant fields. Some of these careers requiring high levels of education to excel are in the following fields: Medicine Engineering Construction Mechanics and others that require in-depth learning Lifelong learning also enables one to have a broad range of thought making them adapt easily to different environments. Also, the society is more likely to respect a person who is more advanced in their level of education. Through lifelong learning, one has more career opportunities available to them and can use this to get the job they want. Is High IQ a Guarantee of Academic Success Lifelong learning still continues to be an important contributor to the career success of an individual. However, it is important to find balance and not rely wholly on it as there are also other things that influence success. Career success should give a person the chance of doing the work they want and having a comfortable life. For some, this is achieved through lifelong learning while others achieve it through utilizing their skills and talent. Both educated and non-educated people can be rich and successful. It all depends on how well they can balance and their determination to become successful in their relevant careers. Being well rounded will ensure that a person has control over their career and will be in charge of advancing in their careers. Career success will no longer depend solely on the level of education but on the additional qualities of the person.

Gran Torino and Race Relations and Ethics Essay

Gran Torino and Race Relations and Ethics - Essay Example The movie has things to teach about ethics to people in the world. Racism is still very much an issue in today’s world(Bonilla, 2010), and Walt was as racism as anybody could be. He called the next door neighbors â€Å"gooks,† even after he came to love them and protect them. He called his barber a â€Å"Dago† and â€Å"Italian Prick.† It was obvious that he was a man who had a lot of bad feelings in his heart about people who are of different races. He was, perhaps, representative of many people who see people of different races as being somehow â€Å"other.† These people from Laos, who live next door, were people that Walt evidently felt were beneath him from the beginning of the film. However, Walt changed throughout the course of the film, and, soon, he was taking Thao and Sue under his wing. Walt went out of his way to bond with young Thao, showing him the ropes of carpentry, once he figured out that Thao had an interest in carpentry and tools, and making sure that Thao got to meet the barber and know how to converse with other men in a way that would be acceptable in America. When Sue was raped by some men who were relatives of Thao and Sue, Walt became protective of her and went to confront the men. In fact, all through the film, Walt comes to the aid and protection of these neighbors. It was feasible that Walt could have lived his life in an insular way, and stayed out of the way of the gang members who were harassing his next door neighbors.... What happens to our brother or our sister is what happens to us, and we have to make sure that we do everything that we can to help those who are oppressed. Walt learned this lesson, even though he personally had feelings for the Hmong that were not so flattering. There was some possible indication that Walt was also redeeming himself for things that happened during the Korean War – he implied that he killed some Korean men even though he wasn’t under orders to do so. So, this might have also given him his sense of ethics as well. My own personal feelings about what happened during the movie was somewhat mixed. While I understood the need for Walt to do what he did in the movie, it was also difficult to see. Yes, the gang members were harassing the family of Sue and Thao, and, yes, the black men were harassing Sue and there was the distinct possibility that they were going to rape her. So, in a sense, what Walt ended up doing at the end of the movie was extremely justif ied. In fact, he didn’t really do anything at all, except stand outside the house of the gang members and pretend that he had some kind of weapon on him. Considering that he had shown the gang members earlier that he had access to these types of weapons, it was reasonable for the gang members to assume that this was still the case, and that he, in fact, was packing heat when he went to visit the boys. Another point is probably the most important point to make about the movie – the movie portrays a society that is color blind, in the end. The surface of the people in the movie was that everybody is segregated and that Walt was somebody who didn’t want anything to do with

Organizational Reuirements for Work Teams Essay

Organizational Reuirements for Work Teams - Essay Example In comparison with individual performance, teamwork proves to be very prolific when a certain duty requires performance of a set of numerous skills and experiences of diverse levels. The potentials of employees are best utilized in groups and teams which tend to be more supple and reactive toward varying and serious incidents. Good quality teamwork and the results acquired through a shared and synchronized effort adds a lot to the concept of organizational culture. A work team struggles to make joint endeavor and the result is more dynamic than all efforts when done individually. This benefit is what all organizations are working to get by deploying work teams no matter how expensive team management is. In a hospital setting as mine, work teams are a very effective means of achieving high quality management of patients, hospital, employees, and information base. Metzger (2007) asserts in her article that, â€Å"Most healthcare professionals agree that teamwork provides comprehensive patient care and better functional outcomes for patients.† However, she says that assembling a team within a medical center or a university-affiliated hospital setting is a much difficult task. ... They studied the core competencies required by the team leader that help him to make the team members perform multiple tasks at the same time, and found that, â€Å"Managing a department that is going through continuous changes is often difficult† (p.124). To counter this difficulty, the team leaders are required to develop such competencies and leadership qualities with the help of which they are able to â€Å"perform new roles and functions in the complex health care environment†, according to Guo and Company (2007, p.124). Their study illustrates that ethical leadership is the most important organizational requirement that must be set in place to set the stage for successful work teams. Leggat (2007) asserts that the basic requirement for setting up of effective health care teams within hospitals is its effective team members. If the team members have the required skills and teamwork competencies, then this ensures the successful functioning of work teams and guarant ees that a collaborative effort will be made toward the achievement of high quality health care. According to Leggat, although it is well accepted that effective team members are vital for healthcare work teams, yet it is still not understood as to what basic competencies are required of these team members to be effective. He conducted a survey whose participants were members of a state branch of the professional association of Australian health service managers, and found that â€Å"leadership, knowledge of organizational goals and strategies and organizational commitment, respect for others, commitment to working collaboratively and to achieving a quality outcome† were the most important organizational requirements for the setting up of productive work teams inside a

Economies and social structure of New England. The British-American Essay

Economies and social structure of New England. The British-American conflict - Essay Example In the Deep South, many slaves died of overwork and diseases (Nellis 210). Production in this region went down as there was a shortage of laborers to work. On the side of Chesapeake, slaves were able to reproduce naturally, and this led to abundant source of labor to the region especially on tobacco region (Boyer 54). As Deep South and Chesapeake tried to counter diseases and low quality life, New England way of life was advancing gradually. Its clean water and cool air played a part in ensuring a healthy way of life which to a greater extent added ten years to the average English life span (Boyer 56). Social structure of the New England was much centered on strong families. Most of the families in New England concentrated much on fishing and merchant shipping due rocky soil on their lands. New Englanders became resourceful and idealistic due to the fact that they experienced difficult lives (Boyer 58). Middle colonies were similar to New England only that the majority of the people in that region were farmers. Similarities in Economies and social structure of New England, the Chesapeake/South and Middle colonies On the other hand, there were some contexts shared by the south and New England. For example, culturally, the majorities of settlers were of English origin, spoke English, and practiced English traditions (Boyer 62). Although there were restrictions of religious practices, all the colonies allowed religion freedom, but so some extent. However, the New England was seen to be more stringent about it. In all the colonies, there was a representative assembly that was democratically elected by eligible voters. In all the colonies, the issue of hereditary aristocracy was not allowed (Nellis 214). There was a belief that social mobility enabled Americans to work hard and raise their standards of living. In all the colonies, men were made the leaders, and the English law gave them unlimited powers. However, in all the colonies, women were considered to be subordinate, with much of their activities limited within homesteads. They were not allowed to vie for political positions, and were entit led to limited rights (Boyer 68). The development of the British-American conflict At first, the conflict between the British and America was triggered by the financial costs of Anglo-French wars (Middlekauff 9). It was also evident that Britain viewed American lands viable for providing law materials to Britain, and in turn makes the colonies consumers of the British manufactured goods. The American colonists were persistent in trying to negotiate the controversial policies which challenged their principles with the British parliament. Lack and limited communication between England and America was another cause of the conflict (Middlekauff 14). Boats that sailed between London and in different colonial ports of America took too much time to take back information from England. This led to widening of the gap between Americans and the British. Another concern was the fact that some Americans who served the so-called â€Å"

Gender Discrimination Of Black Women Sociology Essay

Gender Discrimination Of Black Women Sociology Essay It is illegal, selfish and unlawful to discriminate people because of their gender or race when it comes to the institution of employment. This includes; recruitments, transfers, trainings, layoffs, incentive packages, promotion, job classifications, salaries/remunerations, terms of work and retirement benefits. This is what the federal law says in Title VII of the Civil Rights Act (Hagen, 2011). It was passed in 1964 and has not changed yet. Meaning, it is still the indispensable law on discriminatory procedures. This law is binding to all employers (state, private, employment agencies, NGOs), regardless of their setups. Besides the federal law, the California State Law, FEHA, is quite clear and specific about gender discrimination at work (Fair Employment Practices Guidelines, 2005). Like the state of California, many other states and nations strongly forbid sex and race discriminations when it comes to the work-place. Well, according to the latest statistics, the gender and race discrimination is still as alive and active in the U.S as it was before the passing of the law in 1964. The country continues to reflect unreasonable and illicit discrimination of women in the work force. The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (USBLS) reveals that women working within the same environment, and doing the same job as men, earn much less compared to their colleagues (Gregory, 2003). Further to this, according to the World Economic Forum on Gender Disparity (WEFGD), there is no nation in the world that has managed to eliminate gender or race discrimination in the workplace. The purpose of this paper, however, is to look at the gender discrimination of black women in the work force and how it differs from black men and white men and women in the workforce. In order to do this, this work begins by looking at the general discrimination of women, and how it becomes more specific when it comes to black women in the work force. It also looks at the gap between black women and black men in the work place. Thirdly, it looks at how the discrimination of black women differs from black men and white men and women in the work force. And lastly, the paper concludes with a summary of the contents discussed in the entire paper. General discrimination of women The gender gap between men and women is obviously huge, and deeply historical. The disparity is even scarier when one pictures the conception of boys and girls in the developing world. Boys are seen as insurance to the family, with much expectation that they will one day get a job and support their family. It is also seen as their birth-right to inherit their familys property. The situation is not the same with girls. Girls are seen as expenses to the family. In some environments women even moan when they discover that they have conceived a girl. The world is perceived to be for men, while women belong at home. Its no wonder in India when a baby-girl is born she is received as the servant of the household. Clearly, the discrimination of women in the society is a disturbing reality. With the perception of men as insurance and women as household servants, women cant stop themselves from feeling inferior. Everything shows they are. Their identity has been forged by the discriminatory structures of the society. One thing that the male dominated society is slow to learn is that women have a place in the social and economic development of the society. The devastating effects of women discrimination in one way or the other comes round to men (William, 2012). While most developed countries, like the U.S, cunningly try to play everything right, they cannot help conceal the fact that gender discrimination is real and kicking in the workplace. When it comes to promotion, job classification, sexual harassment, working terms etc, the United States is evidently on the spot (Gregory, 2003). According to the research by the Global Campaign for Education (GCE), one in every five girls is uncomfortable with her gender. They feel girls are more restricted when it comes to freedom, education, employment opportunities, and security matters. They also believe that women are more likely to be harassed and victimized by their employers than are men. But despite all the international laws, including the Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), prohibiting all forms of inequalities, gender discrimination remains a serious social setback (Blanchfield, 2010). Besides, it is a reality that most women continue working in employments stereotyped as female occupations. It is also a damn veracity that women in the same job categories as men earn much less than their male colleagues (Drydakis, 2012). Apparently, women earn 23 cents less for every dollar a man earns. Even when it comes to promotion, few women make it up the ladder. Then there is the issue of harassment. Women are constantly harassed and intimidated in their workplaces (Ferriss, 1971). Most employers do not take into consideration issues such as pregnancy and family responsibility (William, 2012). If they do, the pay reflects it all. Well, somebody might argue that women do not negotiate sound enough with their employers for better salary as men do. That might be true, but evidences from women who have tried negotiating for their pay are found to have met bitter reactions. It is even true that most women who negotiate for their salaries during interviews are more likely to be dro pped than men who employ the same tactics. And lastly, there is nothing more frustrating than to be discriminated first of all, because you are a woman, and secondly, because you are black (Feder Brougher, 2012). This is what black women go through. Discrimination of black women in the work force African American women have greatly progressed when it comes to education and taking up tasks that were once reserved for men and possible white American women. In fact, in the black American community today, women are more professional and educated than black men. However, these women still have it rough when it comes to securing places in the work force. For those who happen to find jobs, they are constantly faced with challenges of either gender or racial discrimination, or even both (Gregory, 2003). Black women blame their predicament on three reasons. One, they are discriminated because they are black. Two, they are discriminated because they are women. And three, they are discriminated on the grounds of the combination of the two (race and gender). In addition to the twin vulnerabilities, African American women live in neighborhoods that are miles away from the employment opportunities. They also earn much less compared to what the black men and white women and men earn (Perlman, 1994). There is also the existing negative stereotype of African American single mothers (Bobbitt-Zeher, 2011). Way before the federal law on gender discrimination was passed in 1964, single black mothers were totally under-respected and disregarded in the society. In actual fact, they earned less salary and received minimal benefits compared to what the white single mothers earned and received. Apart from the few changes that were brought about by the legislation of 1996, which prohibited discrimination against single mothers, this mentality literally lingered on to todays workplace. For instance, as of 2007, the poverty rate for African American children from single mother families was at 49.4 percent compared to 42 percent of white American children from single mother families. Nothing much has polarized the discrimination of black women in the last few years than the anti-poverty policy introduced by George W. Bush. This policy, also called the marriage initiative, assumed that single mothers were poor because they were not married. Well, this has worked well for white single mothers who moved into marriage with their husbands from wealthy backgrounds. But the same cannot apply to the black single mothers. They are not married primarily because of the poor economical prospects, and not vice versa. Getting married isnt the solution, but getting good jobs. Unfortunately, this is where the problem is. Worse still, white employers would rather employ black men than hire black women in their work force. It is much worse for black single mothers. A combination of race and gender discrimination of black women in the work force is perhaps the worst social inequality, especially if it is coming from the society that is supposed to champion equal human rights for all. Like the white women, the black women find themselves between very odd situations, especially if they have to make decisions based on the available options. Here is a professional woman with all the academic qualifications looking for one of the best jobs on the land, but the society says no, your place is the stereotype female jobs. In fact, with all the qualifications you wont earn as much as men do. Then there is the issue of harassment and unequal treatment at the workplace (Sanchez-Hucles, 1997). This is the situation most women find themselves in. Much to the wound, black women have also to bear the racial discrimination. Like black men, they face the negative stereotypes from the white race which limit their ability to be fairly employed in the work force. In many ways, they find themselves excluded from working in most of the enviable jobs and organizations. Besides, black women also have to deal with oppressive attitudes that deny them equal opportunities in the workplace. This double vulnerability (gender and race) is the reason behind the discrimination of black women in the work force (Ferriss, 1971). The Impact of black women discrimination The discrimination of black women in the work force is a significant social setback and its consequences directly impact on the society, especially on the black families. It is a reality that black families in the United States mainly generate their family income from their wages. Unlike the white American families, which largely generate their income from inherited and well established firms, the black community has to go and look for job opportunities to get their income. Little known is that black women are also the major income providers for their families. When there are limited economic prospects and labor market opportunities for black women in the work force, the entire black families suffer the consequences, so is the national economy (Roscigno, 2007). How black women differ from black men While both the African American women and men suffer from the racial discrimination, it is the women who are on the worst end, given the negative gender disparity in America and elsewhere in the world. Despite great progress that African American women have gained, especially in education and occupational status, they are still considered inferior to black men, and white men and women. Worse still, in the workplace, black women are paid much less than black men. A research conducted in 2005 showed that black women earned only eighty seven cents for a corresponding dollar earned by men. By 2006, over thirteen percent of African American women were poorer compared to only seven percent of black men (Alkadry Tower, 2011) There is also the aspect of job security. Most employers are so relaxed when it comes to employing black women. They would rather have the black men around than employee black women. There is no better way to explain this except on the line of gender discrimination and a little bit of racial prejudice. It is also astonishing to see black women, who are generally more educated and in high professional positions than black men, earn much less than they do (Sanchez-Hucles, 1997). Black women and white men and women in the work place Like with the research on black women compared to black men, statistics carried out in 2005 showed that white women earned 15 percent more than what black women earned for the same job. This was narrowed down to 85 cents for black women for every 1 dollar earned by white women. They also showed that black women earned 67 cents for a corresponding dollar earned by white men. When this data was reviewed in 2006, a high percentage of 13 of black women were found to be poor. Only 4 percent and 7 percent of white men and women respectively were found to be poor. This revealed the extent to which discrimination on black women had negatively impacted on their livelihood. It is also shocking true that for every black woman employed in the work force; two white women are equally hired. The other difference between black and white women is explicit when it comes to finding their first jobs. Observably, young African American women get their first jobs after a long struggle. It is not so with the white women; they get their first jobs within a shorter period (Perlman, 1994). Conclusion Despite all the developments, especially on laws prohibiting inequalities of any nature, gender and racial discrimination are still significant social realities. The United States, particularly, continues to reflect unreasonable and illicit discrimination of women in the work force. But it is not just women. Black women are the most affected with this negative stereotype in the workplace. In reality, African American women face up to the same issues as white women, and so are the African American men and white men. However, factors such as gender, race and social stereotypes have made it so difficult for black women to feel equal with the rest of the categories. In addition to carrying the burden of searching for a job and putting up with the discriminatory issues at the workplace, black women also have an extra baggage of dealing with the economic insecurities among African American men. While white women rely on their white men for economic support, black women face the realities o f dealing with their own economic situation. It is high time the states, and in deed the entire social setup, came up with policies that would help black women overcome the predicaments that have been unfairly and unlawfully imposed on them by the societal structures. The black women, just like the white women, black men and white men, have the right to freedom, equal job opportunities, education and security. They need to be respected and protected from harassment and victimization at the workplace.

Essay --

Less than 1% of the water supply on earth can be used as drinking water. By the time a person feels thirsty, his or her body has lost over 1 percent of its total water amount. About 25,700 litres (6,800 gallons) of water is required to grow a day's food for a family of four. A child dies every 8 seconds from water-related disease. Groundwater can take a human lifetime just to traverse a mile. A person can live about a month without food, but only about a week without water. If a human does not absorb enough water dehydration is the result. Most of the earth's surface water is permanently frozen or salty. If all the world's water were fit into a gallon jug, the fresh water available for us to use would equal only about one tablespoon When water contains a lot of calcium and magnesium, it is called hard water. Hard water is not suited for all purposes water is normally used for. An acre of corn will give off 15,000 litres (4,000 gallons) of water per day in evaporation. A small drip from a faucet can waste as much as 75 litres of water a day. Of all the water on earth, o...

Orwell’s Shooting an Elephant

George Orwell’s Shooting an Elephant George Orwell writes of his experience in British-ruled India in the early twentieth century as a sub-divisional police officer in the sovereign Southeast Asia state of Burma. His essay presents a powerful theme of inner conflict. Orwell’s strong inner conflict lies between what he believes as a human being and what he should do as an imperial police officer. Orwell immediately claims his perspective on British imperialism saying that it is evil and that he is fully against the British oppressors, even though he himself is a symbol of foreign oppression to the Burmese.His conflict ultimately results from the fact that he hates the British Empire, which should make him pity the Burmese people, but he does not. This is made clear when he says: â€Å"All I knew that I was stuck between my hatred of the empire I served and my rage against the evil-spirited beasts who tried to make my job impossible† (Orwell 1). In his story Orwell writes not only about his personal experience with the â€Å"wild† elephant but how the elephant’s rampaging spree is a metaphor exhibiting the destructive power of imperialism; the elephant destroys homes and even kills a man.Orwell’s hostile feelings toward the British, imperialism, and the Burmese people are further revealed when sets the mood of the story by illustrating the setting in Burma to be a â€Å"cloudy, stuffy morning at the beginning of the rains† (Orwell 2). Orwell then establishes himself as a â€Å"weak† character when he introduces the Burma people and how they completely disrespect the British officer by constantly laughing and mocking him. When Orwell finally finds the elephant, he admits that, â€Å"I knew with perfect certainty that I ought not to shoot him†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ nd that he â€Å"did not want to shoot the elephant† (Orwell 2). He ultimately falls into the expectations of the Burmese when he decides to shoot t he elephant, despite the many reasons not to shoot it such as how it is worth more alive rather than dead. When he kills the elephant he goes against his will and moral belief, and Orwell uses the death of the elephant as another metaphor of British imperialism in Burma. The elephant is a symbol of Burma and its struggle to remain alive after three Anglo-Burmese wars starting in 1824 between the British oppressors and the Burmese.Even after a third shot, the elephant survives, symbolizing how the Burmese are still alive but with less power, strength and hope than before the wars. Even though Orwell tries to justify his killing the elephant by stating, â€Å"legally I did the right thing, a mad elephant has to be killed,† he knows that the elephant could have been saved without unnecessary harm and this exemplifies the final collapse of his morals (Orwell 4). As the story develops, it becomes progressively evident that the natives have control over the white man who is suppose d to be in power.Orwell realizes that as the symbol of British oppression, he is actually the victim of the Burmese, and it is their expectations of how he should use his power that force him to do what they want. As I mentioned earlier, Orwell makes many comparisons throughout the story that demonstrate his weakness in character; he equates himself to a puppet being controlled with the Burman crowd behind him as the audience, as well as how he feels forced to wear a mask constantly and play the role of a white man.Orwell does a great job at shedding light on the fact that humans can be influenced so easily as well as how the influences of imperialism produce harmful effects on both the victims and oppressors. Orwell is supposed to be the higher power as an imperial police officer but because he is subjected to the evils of imperialism he becomes the victim. Orwell leaves readers with a powerful ending implication that human beings will do almost anything and act in unimaginable way s just to â€Å"avoid looking a fool† (Orwell 4).It is my opinion that Orwell’s essay succeeds in conveying its message because it combines personal experience and political opinion into a smooth reading story. Source Orwell, George. â€Å"George Orwell: ‘Shooting an Elephant'† George Orwell's Library. New Writing. –GB, London. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. http://orwell. ru/library/articles/elephant/english/e_eleph

Francis Marion, The Swamp Fox

Francis Marion, The Swamp Fox A prominent American officer during the American Revolution, Brigadier General Francis Marion played a key role in the wars southern campaigns and earned the moniker The Swamp Fox for his exploits as a guerilla leader. His military career began with the militia in the French and Indian War during which he fought the Cherokees on the frontier. When the war with Britain began, Marion received a commission in the Continental Army and helped defend Charleston, SC. With the citys loss in 1780, he commenced a career as a highly effective guerilla leader that saw him employ hit and run tactics to win numerous victories over the British. Early Life and Career Francis Marion was born around 1732 on his family plantation in Berkeley County, South Carolina. The youngest son of Gabriel and Esther Marion, he was a small and restless child. At age six, his family moved to a plantation in St. George so that the children could attend school in Georgetown, SC. At the age of fifteen, Marion embarked on a career as a sailor. Joining the crew of a schooner bound for the Caribbean, the voyage ended when the ship sank, reportedly due to being struck by a whale. Adrift in a small boat for a week, Marion and the other surviving crew finally reached the shore. French and Indian War Electing to remain on land, Marion began working on his familys plantations. With the French and Indian War raging, Marion joined a militia company in 1757 and marched to defend the frontier. Serving as a lieutenant under Captain William Moultrie, Marion took part in a brutal campaign against the Cherokees. In the course of the fighting, he took note of Cherokee tactics which emphasized concealment, ambush, and utilization of terrain to gain an advantage. Returning home in 1761, he began saving money to purchase his own plantation. American Revolution In 1773, Marion achieved his goal when he bought a plantation on the Santee River about four miles north of Eutaw Springs which he dubbed Pond Bluff. Two years later, he was elected to the South Carolina Provincial Congress which advocated for colonial self-determination. With the outbreak of the American Revolution, this body moved to create three regiments. As these formed, Marion received a commission as a captain in the 2nd South Carolina Regiment. Commanded by Moultrie, the regiment was assigned to the Charleston defenses and worked to build Fort Sullivan. With the completion of the fort, Marion and his men took part in the defense of the city during the Battle of Sullivans Island on June 28, 1776. In the fighting, a British invasion fleet led by Admiral Sir Peter Parker and Major General Henry Clinton attempted to enter the harbor and was repulsed by Fort Sullivans guns. For his part in the fighting, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel in the Continental Army. Remaining at the fort for the next three years, Marion worked to train his men before joining the failed Siege of Savannah in the fall of 1779. Going Guerilla Returning to Charleston, he fortuitously broke his ankle in March 1780 after jumping from a second-story window in an effort to escape a bad dinner party. Directed by his doctor to recuperate at his plantation, Marion was not in the city when it fell to the British in May. Following subsequent American defeats at Moncks Corner and Waxhaws, Marion formed a small unit of between 20-70 men to harass the British. Joining Major General Horatio Gates army, Marion and his men were effectively dismissed and ordered scout the Pee Dee area. As a result, he missed Gates stunning defeat at the Battle of Camden on August 16. Operating independently, Marions men scored their first major success shortly after Camden when they ambushed a British camp and liberated 150 American prisoners at Great Savannah. Striking elements of the 63rd Regiment of Foot at dawn, Marion routed the enemy on August 20. Employing hit-and-run tactics and ambushes, Marion quickly became a master of guerilla warfare using Snow Island as a base. As the British moved to occupy South Carolina, Marion relentlessly attacked their supply lines and isolated outposts before escaping back into the regions swamps. Responding to this new threat, the British commander, Lieutenant General Lord Charles Cornwallis, directed Loyalist militia to pursue Marion but to no avail. Routing the Enemy Additionally, Cornwallis ordered Major James Wemyss of the 63rd to pursue Marions band. This effort failed and the brutal nature of Wemyss campaign led many in the area to join the Marion. Moving sixty miles east to Ports Ferry on the Peedee River in early September, Marion soundly defeated a superior force of Loyalists at Blue Savannah on September 4. Later that month, he engaged Loyalists led by Colonel John Coming Ball at Black Mingo Creek. Though an attempt at a surprise attack failed, Marion pressed his men forward and in the resulting battle were able to force the Loyalists from the field. In the course of the fighting, he captured Balls horse which he would ride for the rest of the war. Continuing his guerilla operations in October, Marion rode from Ports Ferry with the goal of defeating a body of Loyalist militia led by Lieutenant Colonel Samuel Tynes. Finding the enemy at Tearcoat Swamp, he advanced at midnight on October 25/26 after learning that the enemy defenses were lax.  Using similar tactics to Black Mingo Creek, Marion split his command into three forces with one each attacking from the left and right while he led a detachment in the center. Signaling the advance with his pistol, Marion led his men forward and swept the Loyalists from the field. The battle saw the Loyalists suffer six killed, fourteen wounded, and 23 captured. The Swamp Fox With the defeat of Major Patrick Fergusons force at the Battle of Kings Mountain on October 7, Cornwallis became increasingly concerned about Marion. As a result, he dispatched the feared Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarleton to destroy Marions command. Known for laying waste to the landscape, Tarleton received intelligence regarding Marions location. Closing on Marions camp, Tarleton pursued the American leader for seven hours and across 26 miles before breaking off the pursuit in the swampy territory and stating, As for this damned old fox, the Devil himself could not catch him. Final Campaigns Tarletons moniker quickly stuck and soon Marion was known widely as the Swamp Fox. Promoted to brigadier general in the South Carolina militia, he began working with the new Continental commander in the region, Major General Nathanael Greene. Building a mixed brigade of cavalry and infantry he conducted a failed attack on Georgetown, SC in conjunction with Lieutenant Colonel Henry Light Horse Harry Lee in January 1781. Continuing to defeat the Loyalist and British forces sent after him, Marion won victories at Forts Watson and Motte that spring. The latter was captured in conjunction with Lee after a four-day siege. As 1781 progressed, Marions brigade fell under the command of Brigadier General Thomas Sumter. Working with Sumter, Marion took part in a fight against the British at Quinbys Bridge in July. Forced to withdraw, Marion split from Sumter and won a skirmish at Parkers Ferry the following month. Moving to unite with Greene, Marion commanded the combined North and South Carolina militia at the Battle of Eutaw Springs on September 8. Elected to the state senate, Marion left his brigade later that year to take his seat at Jacksonboro. Poor performance from his subordinates required him to return to command in January 1782. Later Life Marion was re-elected to the state senate in 1782 and 1784. In the years after the war, he generally supported a lenient policy toward the remaining Loyalists and opposed laws intended to strip them of their property. As a gesture of recognition for his services during the conflict, the state of South Carolina appointed him to command Fort Johnson. Largely a ceremonial post, it brought with it an annual stipend of $500 which aided Marion in rebuilding his plantation. Retiring to Pond Bluff, Marion married his cousin, Mary Esther Videau, and later served at the 1790 South Carolina constitutional convention. A supporter of the federal union, he died at Pond Bluff on February 27, 1795.

Definition of the Liberalism Ideology

Definition of the Liberalism Ideology Liberalism is a view of leadership based on principles of freedom and equality. Liberals promote ideologies such as free and fair elections, human rights, allowing freedom to the mass media, free world trade, and right to life and own property. This political philosophy became popular around the year 1815, following Napoleon’s defeat.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Definition of the Liberalism Ideology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The removal of tariff barriers and promotion of free trade gave birth to a new order. People fiercely rejected notions such as inheritance of power and creation of absolute monarchs, thereby, creating fertile grounds for the rise of Liberalism. Rawls explains that Liberalism depends on the legitimacy of political power. He said that, leaders ought to exercise their powers in the right manner by adhering to those principles that enhance cooperation in society and encourage collec tive decision making in matters affecting the citizens He further explains that, in a liberal society, the state ought to exercise its powers in agreement to everyone bound by it. Rawls also claims that the correct social rules are conventional. The generation of wealth is the collective duty of every member of the society, and rules of justice only seek to enhance the ownership and distribution of these resources. From this idea, Rawls came up with his view of justice which he summed up in three forms. First, he says adherence to justice is a moral duty drawn in the constitution. Second, that agreeing to a form of political organization does not disregard present doctrine but is a reasonable creation of the basic structure which enhances these doctrines. Lastly, justice depends on principles that promote democracy in a society. Moreover, the basic structures of a society depend on institutions which oversee the rights of citizens and the distribution of the benefits that accrue fro m their social endeavors. The major issue behind this is that, to come up with controls that exceed the limits of the political, social and economic life, waters down aspect of respecting one’s freedom and equality in a democratic society. In comparison to the status quo, liberalism stands out for its strong stand on observing human rights and equality. It observes and tries to offset any forms of social injustice and economic inequalities regarding a country’s resources. It assures citizens of equality as structured in the constitution.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There is no form of discrimination regarding educational and economic opportunities. It also enhances equitable distribution of resources to every citizen in a non-bias manner. This way, the underprivileged easily rise to high positions in society. Status quo disregards equality, since only a fe w people have access to most of the resources while the majority has to share the little that remains. Liberalism has its limitations. It creates a situation where the citizens rely so much on their government to solve their problems. Situations where this lacks, results in mass panic and protests, and also individual talents are not fully exploited. In addition, in the context of the free world trade, poor countries are often at a loss. Their local industries stagnate due to the influx of cheap imports. Liberalism’s way of addressing social issues finds favor in many people. It emphasizes equal opportunity to all regardless of one’s social status. In addition, it promotes political freedom, provides economic facilities to its citizens, and creates social opportunities, guarantees transparency, and security so that people get the opportunity to develop themselves and their society. This way, the less privileged easily rise in status, thereby, creating a harmonized soci ety. It widens the people’s choices and their well-being and spreads wealth. In conclusion, lessons from liberalism are fascinating. It offers a safe and sure way to address the world’s problems of social injustices and inequality and should, therefore, be promoted.

Sources of finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sources of finance - Essay Example As you grow, you may need to turn to alternate sources such as Venture Capital. Once you have achieved a financial track record, you can turn to other sources such as Asset Based Lending or Commercial Loans. The main sources of financing can be divided into: Roger Inman can use cash for his purchase of new computer or the following sources of financing, such as a small loan(notes payable), buy a computer on accounts payable (in this case computer company would have to finance the purchase). Or another solution would be to lease a computer. A firm can raise money for working capital by selling bonds, bills, or notes to individual and/or institutional investors. In return for lending the money, the individuals or institutions become creditors and receive a promise that the principal and interest on the debt will be repaid. First of all it is difficult to answer, because we do not know in which industry the company is, therefore we can not say what the optimal capital structure is. So, making a few assumptions, next sources of financing can be used: E) Euro Tunnel suffered trading losses in its first year of operation. If the company wanted to maintain its gearing ratio at the same level as previous year, what type of finance would it have to raise As the company is suffering losses it implies that retained earnings are going down, resulting in equity decrease, so the gearing rate is going up. In order to keep the leverage rate at the level of previous year, new issues should be issued in order to counterbalance the losses that a company is currently making. F) Carlton Holdings PLC has a

Personal STATEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Personal STATEMENT - Essay Example The sense of responsibility to serve our fellow man is strong in my family as I also have a cousin who is a dentist in New York, an older brother who is a neurosurgeon at Ford Hospital and another brother currently studying medicine in Germany. To me, being a dentist is providing people with an essential partner for their future health and well-being and I am hoping to gain the knowledge and education I need for this from University of North Carolina, where I am currently attending as an undergraduate. Not only do I believe I would make a very fine dentist, but I am accustomed to hard work and have developed the skills necessary to study effectively on my own. When I came to this country from my birth country, Yemen, I did not speak English. As soon as I graduated from my high school, I came to America, to New York City, to learn how to speak and to become acquainted with the culture here. There was a bit of culture shock as, at the time, the sentiment in the country was largely against anyone with a name such as mine, Kuahtan Alsaidi, or who came from the Middle East. We were all considered terrorists and this made it more difficult when I had trouble remembering a word or trying to interact with people who did not understand what I was trying to say. In spite of this, I continued to work hard at learning my new language and still managed to find many people who were willing to help once they saw I was trying. I studied English for two years at New York before I felt I was strong enough in the language to begin studying other things. At that point, I moved to North Carolina and began attending University of North Carolina at Pembroke. I am currently majoring in biology, always working toward my goal to become a dentist. Almost as soon as I was enrolled in my classes, I also became involved with the university’s chemistry and physics club where I have had the chance to be

Philosophy--Aristotle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Philosophy--Aristotle - Essay Example The simple answer to what human good is that its end is happiness. Happiness is, however, much more complicated, as Aristotle argues, â€Å"there are various views as to what happiness is.† (Book I, Chap. IV). This happiness should not be mistaken, as it is defined in contemporary usage as a relative state characterized by the amount of pleasure received from something or liking to something. Happiness and pleasure are not synonymous terms, though obtaining happiness will probably lead to pleasure. Happiness instead is what Aristotle characterized as â€Å"activity of the soul according to virtue.† (Book I, Chapter VII)1. Virtue, like happiness, should not be conceptualized in its contemporary vernacular, as pertaining to be highly moralistic. Aristotle’s definition of virtue in the Ethics is derived from the ancient Greek term â€Å"arà ªte† that holds the connotations of excellence or mastery. For example, the virtue of a knife is its ability to slice or the virtue of exercise is how well it improves one’s fitness. What are required to determine the virtue of any of these aforesaid objects are the ends these objects and actions hope to obtain. We exercise to improve our health, we want to improve our health to feel better, be more energetic or simply look more attractive to others, and the ends may continue to progress until some final aim, for example with exercise, to live better lives. Man too has a certain arà ªte or virtue, and since man is his or her own individualistic entity, their final ends may perhaps be different from other men and women. This is a major reason why the Ethics does not set out to determine what a person should or should not do. If man has excellence, then what constitutes that excellence and how is it obtained? There must be must some action or series of actions man can do and perform with excellence that separates

High School Seniors Essay Example for Free

High School Seniors Essay Many people believe open lunch should be a privilege extended to seniors who wish to leave the school grounds and adjacent areas during their assigned lunch periods. This privilege is predicated on the belief that students as they enter their final years of high school should be trusted to make mature decisions and act responsibly. Some students wish they could leave only so they could get something to eat other than school food. I understand that not every senior shows the proper maturity and they should be identified and treated accordingly. When it comes to privilages, seniors dont have many compared to underclassman. Sure, we get a free period as opposed to study hall and a senior skip day, but dont we deserve more for our twelve years of hard work and effort put into school? Dont we deserve something that, frankly speaking, makes everyone more aware of our seniority status, something that we can enjoy this year and the other grades can look forward to? That something can be found in probably one of the more controversial topics in high schools, off campus lunches. I understand the school is responsible for us from the time we arrive at school until the time we depart, and being able to have an off campus lunch would mean we are still the schools responsibility, even though were not on campus. However, what if parents were to sign a note stating their child is allowed to leave school during lunch hours and would be their responsibility? If anything was to happen to a student, parents would not have the right to run into school, arms flailing wildly, blaming whomever they can for what happened to their child. But isnt it time that the school lets us depend on ourselves in making the better decisions, which in this case would be coming back to class in time. We are going to go from being monitored all day long to a college environment where we are the ones to decide what to do. Pupils who fail to meet their responsibility may forfeit the privilege altogether and may be subject to other disciplinary actions. The school should develop rules and regulations that promote compliance with the policy and ensure that only eligible seniors utilize the privilege of open lunch.