The Definitions of Insomnia

How long should an average person sleep? This question is yet to have a definite response because everyone gives a different answer. However, most scientists settle on 8 hours as the average hours of sleep required by an adult. However, this figure still depends on age, sex, and health condition of a person.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Definitions of Insomnia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Due to this ambiguity, many people suffer from lack of sleep or do not get enough sleep knowingly or unknowingly, resulting into insomnia. Insomnia is a sleep disorder that has always been defined by everyone as having sleeping difficulties. One will always toss and turn in bed the whole night only to wake up sleepy and this results into exhaustion and fatigue the following day. It affects people’s moods and ability to function the whole day and makes one feel very weak and lazy. The dictionary definition of th e word insomnia is the inability to sleep or stay asleep for an adequate length of time, another version of this definition is the inability to have the standard amount of sleep. I define insomnia as a condition in which one finds it difficult to fall asleep, maintain sleep, has a disturbed sleep characterized by frequent wakeups with difficulty going back to sleep or waking up earlier than usual. In simple words, insomnia occurs when a person is not able to sleep or has problems when it comes to sleeping. However, there is no universal definition of the word and as Wylie writes, â€Å"definitions of insomnia are loose to the point of inanity† (Wylie, 213). The word originated from a Latin word insomnis which is made up of two words: â€Å"in†, meaning not, and â€Å"somnus†, meaning sleep. Difficulty in falling asleep occurs when one is unable to sleep at the beginning of the night and stay awake until late. For instance, a student taking exams will spend the w hole night thinking about the tests out of anxiety thus does not have any sleep, or a person may spend half of the night on the internet or watching a favorite television show. Insomnia may also be caused by stress, sickness, acute feelings of depression, medication and so on. The inability to maintain sleep occurs when one cannot remain asleep for the rest of the night and instead wakes up once or recurrently during the night causing fragmented sleep. In addition, the person has trouble going back to sleep and may fail to catch any sleep for the rest of the night.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This form of insomnia will affect the person’s daytime activities as they cannot concentrate or focus on a task, in acute cases, it may affect the immune system. Persons with this form of insomnia find it difficult to concentrate for long hours and frequently take short naps to compensate for the previous night’s lack of sleep. Difficulty remaining asleep can be caused by anxiety or by depression. Waking up at an unusually early or odd time of the day and difficulty in catching sleep thereafter is another form of insomnia. This form of insomnia often results into restlessness and a tired feeling during the day. Wylie (pp.216) writes that it can be as a result of stress or disruptions while one is asleep through either noise or switching on or off of lights. Ultimately, a person can have deep sleep that is uncontrollable during the day. Generally, insomnia can cause serious mental, emotional, and physical problems such as depression, heart diseases, painful and regular headache, and hallucination experiences. Besides, persons suffering from insomnia are likely to cause accidents, some of which might be dangerous. Consequently, it is very important for everyone to have adequate sleep. This can be undertaken by having a regular sleep schedule in an are a free of disturbance of interference. There are three different types of insomnia: transient insomnia which is the most common one and lasts for a few days. It is mainly caused by stress resulting from temporary situations and will only last as long as one is still stressed up. Second is situational insomnia that occurs when one has sleepless nights for a period ranging from 2-3 weeks resulting from current stress in the person’s life. The third type of insomnia is chronic insomnia which lasts for some time and should be treated medically by health professionals. It is caused by acute stress. According to Wylie (pp. 213), â€Å"chronic insomnia is linked to a number of physical and psychological ills: increased risk of cancer, hypertension, heart disease, obesity, diabetes, infertility, miscarriage depression, anxiety, irritability, dementia, impaired cognitive and reasoning skills, lowered immune-system function, heightened awareness of pain†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . In order to over come insomnia, one has to check on his or her daily routine and adjust from behaviors that disrupt normal sleep. Excessive intake of coffee during the day is one of the habits that disrupt sleep and this has to be avoided. Some people take alcohol or use sleeping pills in order to sleep or rather to cure insomnia, such interventions may only worsen the problem.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Definitions of Insomnia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More People suffering from insomnia should focus on changing habits that cause sleeplessness in order to overcome it. Such strategies include sticking to a regular sleep timetable and avoiding daytime naps. We must always strive to avoid insomnia or cure it in its early stages because as Wylie puts it, â€Å"sleep is as necessary to physical and mental health as air and water† (pp. 213). Works Cited Wylie, Mary Sykes. Sleepless in America: Making it Through the Night in a Wired World, Illinois: Tyndale House Publishers Inc., 2008. Print. This essay on The Definitions of Insomnia was written and submitted by user Cody D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Proposal Essay Sample PDF - Create A Proposed Paper

Proposal Essay Sample PDF - Create A Proposed PaperWhen people get stuck with having to write a proposal for a loan, they are often in a lot of trouble because the proposal essay sample PDF is basically like a checklist. You do not need to have a thesis on your paper. You just need to write what needs to be written.You are going to be explaining the problem and then the solution to that problem. You will not have to add anything new or give any new information to the solution. The essay will contain the facts and the information that you know already.To begin with, you need to start with the present problem. This is your first line of attack. You need to put the problem in a nutshell so that you can explain it to your readers. You also need to do this so that they can understand it.After this, you need to go on to explaining how the problem got started and how it has been solved in the present. You need to provide some reasons why the present situation happened, and these reasons hav e to be convincing enough to convince them to go along with the idea.In the current economic times, there are a lot of people that are looking for a better life. A loan is one way that you can help them get to a better life. It is hard for people to make ends meet, so getting a loan can be a real relief for them.If you had a good idea for a loan, you should write about it. This will give you a better idea of what your paper will be like. You should also be able to communicate with the reader very well.Since the presentation is not lengthy, you should not make it difficult for the present audience. You should take some time to consider their ideas, and you should write them down. When you are finished, you can summarize the essay and use a table of contents.The proposal essay sample PDF is a great way to work on your writing skills. You need to write a little bit about the topics that you are going to write about. Then you should write out a proposal that is very clear and concise.

What Is the Endoplasmic Reticulum What Does It Do

What Is the Endoplasmic Reticulum What Does It Do SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’re getting ready for the AP Biology exam, then you’re probably spending quite a bit of time studying cell structure. But keeping all the structures straight and understanding each one’s function can be confusing! That’s why we’re breaking down cell structures for you, starting with the endoplasmic reticulum, or ER. In this article, we’ll teach you everything you need to know about the endoplasmic reticulum, including how it functions in a cell. We’ll even break down the differences between the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum! Ready? Then let’s get started! A Quick Introduction to Cell Structure The endoplasmic reticulum is an essential part of a cell. In your biology class, you probably learned that cells are the building blocks of all life...including humans! Obviously, that makes cells super important, which is why it’s also important to understand how they function. Because plants and animals are complex creatures, the structure of a cell is complex, too. Each cell is made up of many individual parts, each of which has a job within the cell itself! Some help keep everything in one place (like the cell membrane), some produce energy to power the cell (the mitochondria), and there are even parts that help keep the cell clean (lysosomes)! These different structures found within cells are called organelles. The endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle that can be found in both eukaryotic (animal) and prokaryotic (plant) cells. Just keep in mind that not all cells have endoplasmic reticulum! For example, red blood cells don’t have endoplasmic reticuli, even though they’re an important part of animal biology! Endoplasmic Reticulum Definition The endoplasmic reticulum is defined as an organelle that is made up of a series of phospholipid membranes. In fact, the membranes that make up the endoplasmic reticulum can account for half of a cell’s total membrane structure in animal cells! These membranes are called cisternae, are shaped like tubes or sacs, and are continuous with the outer membrane of the cell’s nucleus. That’s a fancy way of saying that the endoplasmic reticulum is attached to the nucleus itself. Endoplasmic Reticulum Function Now let’s talk a little bit more about how an endoplasmic reticulum functions. In general, the endoplasmic reticulum helps with the synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of proteins and lipids. The endoplasmic reticulum does this through ribosomes that are attached to its membrane walls. (We’ll talk more about how this works a little later). The endoplasmic reticulum also stores calcium and releases it when the cell needs it. In fact, many of the proteins and lipids made by the endoplasmic reticulum are used by other organelles in the cell. One of the best ways to understand- and remember!- what the endoplasmic reticulum does is to think of it like a factory. In a manufacturing plant, people take raw materials and make it into something new and usable, which they then ship to other stores, manufacturers, and suppliers around the world. Just like a real-world factory, the endoplasmic reticulum builds the â€Å"products† a cell needs to function, then â€Å"ships† them to where they need to go, when they need to go there. CFCF/WikimediaCommons Endoplasmic Reticulum Appearance So what does the endoplasmic reticulum look like, exactly? Well, do you remember the mazes that you could find in coloring books when you were a kid? The endoplasmic reticulum looks a lot like that! The cisternae stretch out and away from the cell nucleus in a series of folds and tubes, and they extend throughout the cell almost like a highway system. So when you’re looking at a cell diagram, look for the maze-like structure that’s attached to the cell nucleus. That’s the endoplasmic reticulum! You might notice that cell diagrams often picture some areas of the endoplasmic reticulum with bumps, while other sections look smooth. That’s because endoplasmic reticulum is actually comprised of two pieces: the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Knowing how these different areas work is important to understanding the function of the endoplasmic reticulum as a whole. CFCF/Wikimedia Commons Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum The rough endoplasmic reticulum, or RER, gets its name from the ribosomes embedded in its surface...which make it look rough! The rough endoplasmic reticulum is situated closest to the nucleus- in fact, it’s attached to the nuclear envelope- so that molecules can move directly between the membranes. The ribosomes that are attached to the walls of the rough endoplasmic reticulum function just like free ribosomes would. That means that they synthesize proteins, which provide the energy needed for a cell to operate. The process of creating proteins is called translation. One the ribosomes have synthesized a protein, they are â€Å"labeled† with a specific final destination. Some proteins are sent to the Golgi apparatus, while others are secreted into the cell exterior or kept within the membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum itself. There are certain proteins that are sent into the space within the rough endoplasmic reticulum. This space, which is also called the lumen, is where certain proteins are folded, modified, and assembled. Some of these proteins will have sugar groups added to them to form glycoproteins. Likewise, some of these new proteins will be transported out of the endoplasmic reticulum, while others will stay inside the endoplasmic reticulum to perform functions there. The lumen is also where the endoplasmic reticulum does its â€Å"quality control.† When misfolded or otherwise incorrect proteins accumulate in the lumen, the unfolded protein response (or UPR) is triggered. This tells the cell to reduce the amount of protein its producing while enhancing the endoplasmic reticulum’s protein-folding ability. If the problem doesn’t correct itself, it triggers apoptosis, or programmed cell death. One super cool note: the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum aren’t permanently attached to the membrane itself. That means that new ribosomes can detach and attach depending on the proteins the cell needs! CFCF/Wikimedia Commons Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Unlike the rough endoplasmic reticulum, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum doesn’t have any ribosomes attached to it. That makes it look smooth- which is how it gets its name! The smooth endoplasmic reticulum’s function is almost exclusively to make lipids, like phospholipids and cholesterol. How these lipids are used depends on the cell type. Lipids can be used to create new cell membranes, create hormones, and store energy. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum also helps detoxify the cell by converting toxic organic chemicals into safer, water soluble products. Fun fact: when there are lots of toxins present, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum can double its surface area to help clear them out. It will then return to normal size after the toxins have been removed. Liver cells have large amounts of smooth endoplasmic reticulum for this very purpose! Finally, there’s a type of specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum called the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is found in muscle cells and is used to store calcium ions that muscles need to function. When muscles experience sustained activity, the sarcoplasmic reticulum can release the stored calcium ions to help the muscles function. Additional Resources If you’ve read through this guide and still would like to know more about how the endoplasmic reticulum works, here are a few other resources that you can check out. Khan Academy Khan Academy has tons of free resources on all sorts of topics including cell structure. Their video on the endoplasmic reticulum is really helpful, and they have articles about it on their website, too. The British Society for Cell Biology The British Society for Cell Biology is a British non-profit organization dedicated to advancing cell biology research, which includes sharing knowledge and information. One of the ways they do this is through educational material, which they share on their website. Their softCell e-Learning portal has tons of good information about all the organelles of a cell, including the endoplasmic reticulum. CrashCourse Who said studying has to be boring? The CrashCourse channel on YouTube- hosted by none other than John and Hank Green of VlogBrothers fame- is all about creating fun and informational educational content. Hank’s series on animal cells is a great resource, and the fourth video in the series (Eukaryopolis!) gives you an overview of the endoplasmic reticulum. What’s Next? Need to brush up on more than just the endoplasmic reticulum before tackling the AP Biology exam? Grabbing a workbook or textbook might be your best bet. Here’s a curated list of the best AP Biology books to help you study harder and smarter. If you’re feeling overwhelmed by the AP Biology exam, you’re not alone. There are lots of students who find this test tricky! That’s why we’ve put together a complete AP Biology review guide. It breaks down all of the topics that might appear on the exam, so you can figure out exactly what you need to study. (It also includes some great study tips, too!) The best way to figure out if you’re prepared for the AP Biology test is to take a practice exam. Here’s a list of every AP Biology practice test available. And the best news? They’re free!

Homeless People Should Get Shoulder by Government Essay

Homeless People Should Get Shoulder by Government - Essay Example The struggles of the homeless people are so much that their plight can no longer be ignored by the government. Since nobody desires to live such kind of life, but instead is forced by circumstances such as poverty or unemployment, it is important for the government to realize that it is its responsibility to take care of the less fortunate. Every human being deserves to lead a somehow dignified life. It is simply inhuman to watch someone sleeping in an open ground or on rags somewhere along a major street. Also, it is inhuman to allow an innocent child to continually roam in the streets with nowhere to go when the night falls. These events are enough to cause any person with some sense of humanity to consider helping these people. But since the structures of offering assistance are best carried out by the government, it is important for the people in leadership position to come up with mean of helping the innocent the homeless people (Ontario Municipal Social Services Association). It is important for the government to help homeless children so as to prevent them from engaging in acts of crime. It is basic knowledge that most people who engage in criminal activities either lack knowledge that what they are doing is wrong, or are driven by circumstances to engage in such activities. Statistics carried out concerning criminals activities in America reveal that most of the criminals trace their roots to living a care-free life in the streets of America. Also, further research indicates that these criminals are drug addicts.

Self-efficacy and Self-regulated Learning in Academy Article

Self-efficacy and Self-regulated Learning in Academy - Article Example Thus self efficacy and self regulated learning in academic contexts can certainly boost a student’s grades and give him a better future, or indeed more options to choose from in terms of a career. Today, rapid changes in the world around us have led to a knowledge explosion, as information assails our senses every day. It is therefore important that everyone should learn and know how to digest new information. It means that we should have the skills to learn. Since learning is a life-long process, people should be trained with learning skills right from their youth- in fact from their school going days. However it has been observed that while some children are eager and enjoy the learning experience, others seek to avoid it at all costs and view it as a chore- they are afraid to learn. Thus parents and teachers have long been bothered by the problem of children’s low achievement in school. Purpose of the Research Since school is the primary setting in which academic sel f-regulatory skills are developed and maintained, this study seeks to understand the relation among self-regulated learning, self-efficacy, and school achievement. Some useful suggestions will also be made for teachers to help students develop high self-efficacy and good self-regulatory skills in order to make themselves self-regulated learners. To be a self-regulated learner is the final goal of school education and life-long education. LITERATURE REVIEW Self-efficacy, importance of task value beliefs versus perceptions of task difficulty, proper and clear goal orientation and personal interest in the task- these are the concepts that should be regulated by teachers and students in order that they may use self learning... This report approves that today, rapid changes in the world around us have led to a knowledge explosion, as information assails our senses every day. It is therefore important that everyone should learn and know how to digest new information. It means that we should have the skills to learn. Since learning is a life-long process, people should be trained with learning skills right from their youth- in fact from their school going days. However it has been observed that while some children are eager and enjoy the learning experience, others seek to avoid it at all costs and view it as a chore- they are afraid to learn. Thus parents and teachers have long been bothered by the problem of children’s low achievement in school. This essay makes a conclusion that the foregoing literature has indicated that high self-efficacy can enhance self-regulated learning and conversely, effective self-regulatory practices can also enhance self-efficacy. They both influence the academic performance and achievement. Based on the literature that has been reviewed, some suggestions are presented below for teachers to help students gain high self-efficacy and effective self-regulated learning in order to have good academic performance. If self-regulated learning can be taught and make students self-regulated learners, the goal of life-long education has been achieved. Self-regulated learning is stated to happen when students activate and maintain experiences and responses systematically geared toward achieving their learning goals.

Vocabulary Parent Letter Essay Example for Free

Vocabulary Parent Letter Essay Vocabulary words and knowledge are critical in reading comprehension and vitally important that new and young readers develop a large ‘word bank’ and effective vocabulary learning strategies. That being said, we will have an emphasis on vocabulary words in our classroom this year. There are several effective vocabulary learning strategies that we will be using in the classroom, I encourage you to employ these strategies at home assisting in the reading comprehension and vocabulary development of your young reader. Effective Vocabulary Learning Strategies: †¢Pre-teaching Vocabulary Word – teaching your child unfamiliar words prior to the reading experience. An adult should preview the reading material determine unfamiliar words then define and discuss the words. This provides understanding of the word for the child as well as establishing connotation. It also gives the adult feedback on how well the child understands the word. †¢Repeated Exposure to Words – The more we are exposed to a word, the stronger our understanding become. A child needs to hear and use a word several times before it becomes part of their vocabulary. Provide multiple opportunities for the child to use a new word in written and spoken form. †¢Keyword Method – Like pre-teaching, the keyword method rather than having a child remember the definition, it encourages the adult to give a ‘word clue’ to help them understand the word. The idea behind the keyword method is to create an easy cognitive link to the word’s meaning that the reader can access efficiently during a reading experience. †¢Root Analysis – Many English words are derived from Latin or Greek roots. They contain a ‘core’ root or use prefixes or suffixes. Adults, when working with the student should focus on the commonly occurring roots, prefixes and suffixes. When a reader is able to break down unfamiliar words into their prefixes, suffixes and roots they can begin to determine their meanings. †¢Restructuring Reading Material – This strategy is particularly effective for struggling readers improving their vocabulary. Sometimes grade level materials contain too many unfamiliar words. Adults can restructure the material. Portions of the difficult words can be replaced with ‘easier’ synonyms to help the reader understand the overall text. Also, particularly challenging words can easily be ‘looked up’ while reading the text. Taking a few minutes to read with your child, using these strategies will truly aid their vocabulary development and reading comprehension for years to come. Let’s work together as a team to ensure that your child becomes an independent, lifelong learner.

Science in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and Hard Times by Charles Dicken

The 19th century was a time of massive change socially, politically and scientifically. This time saw the rise of Imperialism and of the Industrial Revolution in Britain, seeing massive changes in the way industry was run. Also during this time the literary movements of Romanticism and Victorianism emerged. Romanticism dealt with the issues of reality versus illusion, childhood and man versus nature. The first book I will examine in this essay, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, comes from this literary period and focuses on the man versus nature theme, namely the theme of scientific development and it’s contrast to nature. The second book I will look at in this essay comes from the Victorian period of the 19th century. This period saw the rise of the Industrial Revolution and of huge social and political change. Hard Times by Charles Dickens deals with these issues very closely, focussing mainly on the rise of industry in Britain and its effects on the people of Britain. Bot h of these novels challenge the social, political and scientific developments of the 19th century, namely the advent of science and technology. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein has become almost a myth in our culture; it so deeply probes the collective cultural psyche and our fear of science and progress. â€Å"Frankenstein is our culture’s most penetrating literary analysis of the psychology of modern ‘scientific’ man, of the dangers inherent in scientific research, and the exploitation of nature and of the female implicit in a technological society† (Mellor, 1988:38). The interesting thing about Frankenstein is that there can be multiple readings of the text. It can be seen as a conservative criticism of science, a Promethean belief of the unlimited progress of science, the feminist anti-female principle angle to the story, even a religion versus science story. What I will explore through this essay is each of these readings and shed some light on this wonderful novel. â€Å"The value of Mary Shelley’s novel lies not in presenting a clear morale but encouraging the readers to make up th eir own† (members.aon.at.htm). The most obvious and well-known theory of the story of Frankenstein is that of a warning to the dangers of science: â€Å" Mary Shelley’s implicit warning against possible dangers inherent in the technological developments of modern science† (Mellor, 1988:114). Shelley was very interested in ... ... David Copperfield and Hard Times, New York: Macmillan Press. 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Small, C. (1972) Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein-Tracing the Myth, Pittsburgh: University Of Pittsburgh Press. 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Shelley, M. (1996) Frankenstein: A Norton Critical Edition, New York: W.W. Norton & Company. 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tambing, J. (1995) Dickens, Violence and The Modern State, London: Macmillan Press. 9.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ashbury, M (2001) Representation of Industrialization in Dickens’ Hard Times [Online]. Available: http://www.colourpurple.com [Accessed 25th April 2005]. 10.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Allingham, P. (2000) Charles Dickens’ Hard Times for These Times as an Industrial Novel [Online]. Available: http://www.victoriaweb.com [Accessed: 25th April 2005]. 11.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rohrmoser, A. (2004) The Origin of a Myth: Mary Shelley's Novel Frankenstein [Online]. Available: http://membersaon.at.htm [Accessed: 25th April 2005]. 12.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Oldham, R. (2000) Charles Dickens’ Hard Times: Romantic Tragedy of Proletariat Propaganda [Online]. Available: http://www.pillowrock.com [Accessed: 25th April 2005]. 13.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Frankenstein: a science-fiction novel or a scientific fiction? [Online], (2001). Available: http://gala.univ-perp.fr [Accessed: 25th April 2005].